cmd/compile: optimize signed non-negative div/mod by a power of 2

cmd/compile: optimize signed non-negative div/mod by a power of 2

This CL optimizes assembly for len() or cap() division
by a power of 2 constants:

    func lenDiv(s []int) int {
        return len(s) / 16
    }

amd64 assembly before the CL:

    MOVQ    "".s+16(SP), AX
    MOVQ    AX, CX
    SARQ    $63, AX
    SHRQ    $60, AX
    ADDQ    CX, AX
    SARQ    $4, AX
    MOVQ    AX, "".~r1+32(SP)
    RET

amd64 assembly after the CL:

    MOVQ    "".s+16(SP), AX
    SHRQ    $4, AX
    MOVQ    AX, "".~r1+32(SP)
    RET

The CL relies on the fact that len() and cap() result cannot
be negative.

Trigger stats for the added SSA rules on linux/amd64 when running
make.bash:

     46 Div64
     12 Mod64

The added SSA rules may trigger on more cases in the future
when SSA values will be populated with the info on their
lower bounds.

For instance:

    func f(i int16) int16 {
        if i < 3 {
            return -1
        }

        // Lower bound of i is 3 here -> i is non-negative,
        // so unsigned arithmetics may be used here.
        return i % 16
    }

Change-Id: I8bc6be5a03e71157ced533c01416451ff6f1a7f0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/65530
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>