cmd/compile: refactor some more gotos away

cmd/compile: refactor some more gotos away

The ones in racewalk.go are almost all useless, since they were just
breaks.

typecheck.go wasn't trivial, but still doable with an if/else chain.

Also remove a single silly goto in const.go, while at it.

Change-Id: I776a78df6bb3b6bd4f7e5feec546c772baf4e02e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/65652
Run-TryBot: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>