cmd/compile,cmd/link: hooks for identifying coverage counters

cmd/compile,cmd/link: hooks for identifying coverage counters

Add a new "coverage counter" classification for variables to be used
for storing code coverage counter values (somewhat in the same way
that we identify fuzzer counters). Tagging such variables allows us to
aggregate them in the linker, and to treat updates specially.

Updates #51430.

Change-Id: Ib49fb05736ffece98bcc2f7a7c37e991b7f67bbb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/401235
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>