crypto/x509: don't accept a root that already appears in a chain.
Since a root certificate is self-signed, it's a valid child of itself.
If a root certificate appeared both in the pool of intermediates and
roots the verification code could find a chain which included it twice:
first as an intermediate and then as a root. (Existing checks prevented
the code from looping any more.)
This change stops the exact same certificate from appearing twice in a
chain. This simplifies the results in the face of the common
configuration error of a TLS server returning a root certificate.
(This should also stop two different versions of the “same” root
appearing in a chain because the self-signature on one will not validate
for the other.)