strings: use AVX2 for Index if available

strings: use AVX2 for Index if available

IndexHard4-4      1.50ms ± 2%  0.71ms ± 0%  -52.36%  (p=0.000 n=20+19)

This also fixes a bug, that caused a string of length 16 to use
two 8-byte comparisons instead of one 16-byte. And adds a test for
cases when partial_match fails.

Change-Id: I1ee8fc4e068bb36c95c45de78f067c822c0d9df0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/22551
Run-TryBot: Ilya Tocar <ilya.tocar@intel.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>