runtime: implement async scheduler preemption
This adds signal-based preemption to preemptone.
Since STW and forEachP ultimately use preemptone, this also makes
these work with async preemption.
This also makes freezetheworld more robust so tracebacks from fatal
panics should be far less likely to report "goroutine running on other
thread; stack unavailable".
For #10958, #24543. (This doesn't fix it yet because asynchronous
preemption only works on POSIX platforms on 386 and amd64 right now.)
Change-Id: If776181dd5a9b3026a7b89a1b5266521b95a5f61
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/201762
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>