ld: 25% faster

ld: 25% faster

The ld time was dominated by symbol table processing, so
  * increase hash table size
  * emit fewer symbols in gc (just 1 per string, 1 per type)
  * add read-only lookup to avoid creating spurious symbols
  * add linked list to speed whole-table traversals

Breaks dwarf generator (no idea why), so disable dwarf.

Reduces time for 6l to link godoc by 25%.

R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4383047