test: add test for nil check / bounds check compiler confusion

test: add test for nil check / bounds check compiler confusion

This test started failing at CL 228106 and was fixed by CL 228677.

Fixes #38496

Change-Id: I2dadcd99227347e8d28179039f5f345e728c4595
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/228698
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>