[dev.link] cmd/link: add basic shared library support in newobj mode

[dev.link] cmd/link: add basic shared library support in newobj mode

This CL adds basic shared library support in newobj mode. This is
not complete -- there are still tests in misc/cgo/testshared
failing. But at least a simple program works, and some tests
there pass.

Add the mechanism of loading external symbols with contents.
(Before, external symbols are always contentless.) This may
potentially be also used for other host objects.

Change-Id: I68dbf71e7949cc01ebf37ea159084e798ae16925
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/201537
Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeremy Faller <jeremy@golang.org>