go/types: add go1.23 iterator methods for 10 exported types

go/types: add go1.23 iterator methods for 10 exported types

These methods will not be mirrored in types2 until the
bootstrap compiler reaches go1.23; therefore range-over-func
statements must not be used in code common to types + types2.

Fixes #66626

Change-Id: I3c2c15e3652ee95d9aff208d8a188b912ed5bc9a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/575455
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>