[dev.ssa] cmd/compile: use v.Args[x].Op in CSE key

[dev.ssa] cmd/compile: use v.Args[x].Op in CSE key

Experimentally, the Ops of v.Args do a good job
of differentiating values that will end up in
different partitions.

Most values have at most two args, so use them.

This reduces the wall time to run test/slice3.go
on my laptop from ~20s to ~12s.

Credit to Todd Neal for the idea.

Change-Id: I55d08f09eb678bbe8366924ca2fabcd32526bf41
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/12565
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>