cmd/compile: provide pos and curfn to temp

cmd/compile: provide pos and curfn to temp

Concurrent compilation requires providing an
explicit position and curfn to temp.
This implementation of tempAt temporarily
continues to use the globals lineno and Curfn,
so as not to collide with mdempsky's
work for #19683 eliminating the Curfn dependency
from func nod.

Updates #15756
Updates #19683

Change-Id: Ib3149ca4b0740e9f6eea44babc6f34cdd63028a9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38592
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>