[dev.unified] cmd/compile: more Unified IR docs and review

[dev.unified] cmd/compile: more Unified IR docs and review

This adds more documentation throughout the core Unified IR logic and
removes their UNREVIEWED notices.

Updates #48194.

Change-Id: Iddd30edaee1c6ea8a05a5a7e013480e02be00d29
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/411917
Auto-Submit: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>