cmd/go: extend the linker -o workaround for plugins to all platforms

cmd/go: extend the linker -o workaround for plugins to all platforms

On Linux, for a shared object, at least with the Gold linker, the
output file path is recorded in the .gnu.version_d section. When
the output file path is in a temporary directory, it causes
nondeterministic build.

This is similar to #58557, but for Linux with the Gold linker.
Apply the same workaround as in CL 477296.

Should fix the linux-arm64-longtest builder.

Change-Id: Ic703bff32c1bcc40054b89be696e04280855e876
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/478196
Run-TryBot: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>