cmd/go: fix test.bash
Fixes #7260.
Fix three broken tests in test.bash
The test for issue 4568 was confused by go $ACTION . producing a package root of "", avoiding this mode fixes the test but weakens the test.
The test for issue 4773 was broken on linux because math/Rand would fail to resolve as a package causing the test for duplicates to be skipped.
Finally, the last breakage was a small change in the error message.
Also, add test for foldDup.
LGTM=iant
R=iant, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/
61070044