cmd/compile/internal/syntax: cleanups around parser tracing

cmd/compile/internal/syntax: cleanups around parser tracing

These changes affect the parser only when the internal trace
constant is set.

- factored our printing code used for tracing
- streamlined advance function and added trace output

The parser's trace output now more clearly prints what tokens
are skipped and which is the next token in case of an error.

Example trace:

    4: . . . . . . . . . . call (
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . expr (
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . unaryExpr (
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . pexpr (
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operand name (
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . call (
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . )
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . . )
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . )
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . syntax error: expecting comma or )
    4: . . . . . . . . . . . skip ;
    6: . . . . . . . . . . . skip name
    6: . . . . . . . . . . . skip :=
    6: . . . . . . . . . . . skip literal
    6: . . . . . . . . . . . skip ;
    7: . . . . . . . . . . . skip }
    7: . . . . . . . . . . . skip ;
    9: . . . . . . . . . . . skip func
    9: . . . . . . . . . . . skip name
    9: . . . . . . . . . . . skip (
    9: . . . . . . . . . . . next )
    9: . . . . . . . . . . )

For #22164.

Change-Id: I4a233696b1f989ee3287472172afaf92cf424565
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/70490
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>