syscall: exec_linux.go: support platforms without SYS_DUP2

syscall: exec_linux.go: support platforms without SYS_DUP2

Updates #9974

This change is in preparation for merging the arm64 platform.

Arm64 does not support SYS_DUP2 at all, so define a new constant to be
the minimum dup(2) version supported. This constant defaults to SYS_DUP2
on all existing platforms.

Change-Id: If405878105082c7c880f8541c1491970124c9ce4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/7123
Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Cheney <dave@cheney.net>