runtime: reimplement GODEBUG=cgocheck=2 as a GOEXPERIMENT

runtime: reimplement GODEBUG=cgocheck=2 as a GOEXPERIMENT

Move this knob from a binary-startup thing to a build-time thing.
This will enable followon optmizations to the write barrier.

Change-Id: Ic3323348621c76a7dc390c09ff55016b19c43018
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/447778
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>