runtime: on bigger maps, start iterator at a random bucket.

runtime: on bigger maps, start iterator at a random bucket.

This change brings the iter/delete pattern down to O(n lgn) from O(n^2).

Fixes #8412.

before:
BenchmarkMapPop100	   50000	     32498 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop1000	     500	   3244851 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop10000	       5	 270276855 ns/op

after:
BenchmarkMapPop100	  100000	     16169 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop1000	    5000	    300416 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop10000	     300	   5990814 ns/op

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant, khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141270043