crypto/rsa,crypto/ecdsa,crypto/ed25519: implement PublicKey.Equal

crypto/rsa,crypto/ecdsa,crypto/ed25519: implement PublicKey.Equal

This makes all modern public keys in the standard library implement a
common interface (below) that can be used by applications for better
type safety and allows for checking that public (and private keys via
Public()) are equivalent.

interface {
    Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
}

Equality for ECDSA keys is complicated, we take a strict interpretation
that works for all secure applications (the ones not using the
unfortunate non-constant time CurveParams implementation) and fails
closed otherwise.

Tests in separate files to make them x_tests and avoid an import loop
with crypto/x509.

Fixes #21704

Change-Id: Id5379c96384a11c5afde0614955360e7470bb1c4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/223754
Reviewed-by: Katie Hockman <katie@golang.org>