cmd/go: allow full flag processing in go vet

cmd/go: allow full flag processing in go vet

This allows the go tool to run "go vet" with both the build flags
that make sense, such as -x and -tags, and vet with all its flags.

To do this, create a new package cmd/go/internal/cmdflag to
hold functionality common to flag handling for test and vet.

Fixes #19350

RELNOTES=yes

Change-Id: Ia1ae213bd3f6cab1c5e492501c8d43ce61a7ee89
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/40112
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>