cmd/compile: add cache of sizeable objects so they can be reused

cmd/compile: add cache of sizeable objects so they can be reused

We kind of have this mechanism already, just normalizing it and
using it in a bunch of places. Previously a bunch of places cached
slices only for the duration of a single function compilation. Now
we can reuse slices across a whole compiler run.

Use a sync.Pool of powers-of-two sizes. This lets us use not
too much memory, and avoid holding onto memory we're no longer
using when a GC happens.

There's a few different types we need, so generate the code for it.
Generics would be useful here, but we can't use generics in the
compiler because of bootstrapping.

Change-Id: I6cf37e7b7b2e802882aaa723a0b29770511ccd82
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/444820
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>