cmd/compile: rewrite pairs of shifts to extensions

cmd/compile: rewrite pairs of shifts to extensions

Replaces pairs of shifts with sign/zero extension where possible.

For example:
(uint64(x) << 32) >> 32 -> uint64(uint32(x))

Reduces the execution time of the following code by ~4.5% on s390x:

for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
        x += (uint64(i)<<32)>>32
}

Change-Id: Idb2d56f27e80a2e1366bc995922ad3fd958c51a7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/37292
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>