cmd/go: record origin metadata during module download
This change adds an "Origin" JSON key to the output of
go list -json -m and go mod download -json. The associated value is a
JSON object with metadata about the source control system. For Git,
that metadata is sufficient to evaluate whether the remote server has
changed in any interesting way that might invalidate the cached data.
In most cases, it will not have, and a fetch could then avoid
downloading a full repo from the server.
This origin metadata is also now recorded in the .info file for a
given module@version, for informational and debugging purposes.
This change only adds the metadata. It does not use it to optimize
away unnecessary git fetch operations. (That's the next change.)