runtime: replace cgoCtxt slice with index in traceback
Currently, gentraceback consumes the gp.cgoCtxt slice by copying the
slice header and then sub-slicing it as it unwinds. The code for this
is nice and clear, but we're about to lift this state into a structure
and mutating it is going to introduce write barriers that are
disallowed in gentraceback.
This CL replaces the mutable slice header with an index into
gp.cgoCtxt.