runtime: don't grow the stack on sigpanic if throwsplit
Currently, if a _SigPanic signal arrives in a throwsplit context,
nothing is stopping the runtime from injecting a call to sigpanic that
may attempt to grow the stack. This will fail and, in turn, mask the
real problem.
Fix this by checking for throwsplit in the signal handler itself
before injecting the sigpanic call.
Updates #21431, where this problem is likely masking the real problem.