testing: make benchmarking faster

testing: make benchmarking faster

Allow the number of benchmark iterations to grow faster for fast benchmarks, and don't round up twice.

Using the default benchtime, this CL reduces wall clock time to run benchmarks:

net/http        49s   -> 37s   (-24%)
runtime         8m31s -> 5m55s (-30%)
bytes           2m37s -> 1m29s (-43%)
encoding/json   29s   -> 21s   (-27%)
strings         1m16s -> 53s   (-30%)

LGTM=crawshaw
R=golang-codereviews, crawshaw
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/101970047