math/big: remove (*Float).Scan, ScanFloat; more robust (*Float).Parse

math/big: remove (*Float).Scan, ScanFloat; more robust (*Float).Parse

- (*Float).Scan conflicted with fmt.Scanner.Scan; it was also only used
  internally. Removed it, as well as the companion ScanFloat function.

- (*Float).Parse (and thus ParseFloat) can now also parse infinities.
  As a result, more code could be simplified.

- Fixed a bug in rounding (round may implicitly be called for infinite
  values). Found via existing test cases, after simplifying some code.

- Added more test cases.

Fixes issue #10938.

Change-Id: I1df97821654f034965ba8b82b272e52e6dc427f1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/10498
Reviewed-by: Alan Donovan <adonovan@google.com>