big: implemented Karatsuba multiplication
Plus:
- calibration "test" - include in tests with gotest -calibrate
- basic Mul benchmark
- extra multiplication tests
- various cleanups
This change improves multiplication speed of numbers >= 30 words
in length (current threshold; found empirically with calibrate):
The multiplication benchmark (multiplication of a variety of long numbers)
improves by ~35%, individual multiplies can be significantly faster.
gotest -benchmarks=Mul
big.BenchmarkMul 500
6829290 ns/op (w/ Karatsuba)
big.BenchmarkMul 100
10600760 ns/op
There's no impact on pidigits for -n=10000 or -n=20000
because the operands are are too small.
R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/
1004042