debug/dwarf, debug/elf: add support for reading DWARF 4 type info

debug/dwarf, debug/elf: add support for reading DWARF 4 type info

In DWARF 4 the debug info for large types is put into
.debug_type sections, so that the linker can discard duplicate
info.  This change adds support for reading type units.

Another small change included here is that DWARF 3 supports
storing the byte offset of a struct field as a formData rather
than a formDwarfBlock.

R=golang-codereviews, r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/56300043