cmd/compile: ignore all unreachable values during simple phi insertion

cmd/compile: ignore all unreachable values during simple phi insertion

Simple phi insertion already had a heuristic to check
for dead blocks, namely having no predecessors.
When we stopped generating code for dead blocks,
we eliminated some values contained in more subtle
dead blocks, which confused phi insertion.
Compensate by beefing up the reachability check.

Fixes #19678

Change-Id: I0081e4a46f7ce2f69b131a34a0553874a0cb373e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38602
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>