cmd/link: linker portion of dead map removal

cmd/link: linker portion of dead map removal

This patch contains the linker changes needed to enable deadcoding of
large unreferenced map variables, in combination with a previous
compiler change. We add a new cleanup function that runs just after
deadcode that looks for relocations in "init" funcs that are weak, of
type R_CALL (and siblings), and are targeting an unreachable function.
If we find such a relocation, after checking to make sure it targets a
map.init.XXX helper, we redirect the relocation to a point to a no-op
routine ("mapinitnoop") in the runtime.

Compilebench results for this change:

			  │ out.base.txt │            out.wrap.txt            │
			  │    sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base               │
 Template                   218.6m ±  2%   221.1m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.129 n=39)
 Unicode                    180.5m ±  1%   178.9m ± 1%  -0.93% (p=0.006 n=39)
 GoTypes                     1.162 ±  1%    1.156 ± 1%       ~ (p=0.850 n=39)
 Compiler                   143.6m ±  1%   142.6m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.743 n=39)
 SSA                         8.698 ±  1%    8.719 ± 1%       ~ (p=0.145 n=39)
 Flate                      142.6m ±  1%   143.9m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.287 n=39)
 GoParser                   247.7m ±  1%   248.8m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.265 n=39)
 Reflect                    588.0m ±  1%   590.4m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.269 n=39)
 Tar                        198.5m ±  1%   201.3m ± 1%  +1.38% (p=0.005 n=39)
 XML                        259.1m ±  1%   260.0m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.376 n=39)
 LinkCompiler               746.8m ±  2%   747.8m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.706 n=39)
 ExternalLinkCompiler        1.906 ±  0%    1.902 ± 1%       ~ (p=0.207 n=40)
 LinkWithoutDebugCompiler   522.4m ± 21%   471.1m ± 1%  -9.81% (p=0.000 n=40)
 StdCmd                      21.32 ±  0%    21.39 ± 0%  +0.32% (p=0.035 n=40)
 geomean                    609.2m         606.0m       -0.53%

			  │ out.base.txt │            out.wrap.txt            │
			  │ user-sec/op  │ user-sec/op  vs base               │
 Template                    401.9m ± 3%   406.9m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.291 n=39)
 Unicode                     191.9m ± 6%   196.1m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.052 n=39)
 GoTypes                      3.967 ± 3%    4.056 ± 1%       ~ (p=0.099 n=39)
 Compiler                    171.1m ± 3%   173.4m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.415 n=39)
 SSA                          30.04 ± 4%    30.25 ± 4%       ~ (p=0.106 n=39)
 Flate                       246.3m ± 3%   248.9m ± 4%       ~ (p=0.499 n=39)
 GoParser                    518.7m ± 1%   520.6m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.531 n=39)
 Reflect                      1.670 ± 1%    1.656 ± 2%       ~ (p=0.137 n=39)
 Tar                         352.7m ± 2%   360.3m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.117 n=39)
 XML                         528.8m ± 2%   521.1m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.296 n=39)
 LinkCompiler                 1.128 ± 2%    1.140 ± 2%       ~ (p=0.324 n=39)
 ExternalLinkCompiler         2.165 ± 2%    2.147 ± 2%       ~ (p=0.537 n=40)
 LinkWithoutDebugCompiler    484.2m ± 4%   490.7m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.897 n=40)
 geomean                     818.5m        825.1m       +0.80%

	   │ out.base.txt │             out.wrap.txt              │
	   │  text-bytes  │  text-bytes   vs base                 │
 HelloSize   766.0Ki ± 0%   766.0Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=40) ¹
 CmdGoSize   10.02Mi ± 0%   10.02Mi ± 0%  -0.03% (n=40)
 geomean     2.738Mi        2.738Mi       -0.01%
 ¹ all samples are equal

	   │ out.base.txt │             out.wrap.txt              │
	   │  data-bytes  │  data-bytes   vs base                 │
 HelloSize   14.17Ki ± 0%   14.17Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=40) ¹
 CmdGoSize   308.3Ki ± 0%   298.5Ki ± 0%  -3.19% (n=40)
 geomean     66.10Ki        65.04Ki       -1.61%
 ¹ all samples are equal

	   │ out.base.txt │             out.wrap.txt              │
	   │  bss-bytes   │  bss-bytes    vs base                 │
 HelloSize   197.3Ki ± 0%   197.3Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=40) ¹
 CmdGoSize   228.2Ki ± 0%   228.1Ki ± 0%  -0.01% (n=40)
 geomean     212.2Ki        212.1Ki       -0.01%
 ¹ all samples are equal

	   │ out.base.txt │            out.wrap.txt             │
	   │  exe-bytes   │  exe-bytes    vs base               │
 HelloSize   1.192Mi ± 0%   1.192Mi ± 0%  +0.00% (p=0.000 n=40)
 CmdGoSize   14.85Mi ± 0%   14.83Mi ± 0%  -0.09% (n=40)
 geomean     4.207Mi        4.205Mi       -0.05%

Also tested for any linker changes by benchmarking relink of k8s
"kubelet"; no changes to speak of there.

Updates #2559.
Updates #36021.
Updates #14840.

Change-Id: I4cc5370b3f20679a1065aaaf87bdf2881e257631
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/463395
Run-TryBot: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>