cmd/link: use string map for symbols with single version

cmd/link: use string map for symbols with single version

Reduces link time by ~3%

Results with gc on:
name       old s/op   new s/op   delta
LinkCmdGo  0.82 ± 2%  0.78 ± 2%  -3.90%  (p=0.000 n=17+17)
LinkJuju   7.11 ± 7%  6.87 ± 6%  -3.41%  (p=0.012 n=20+19)

Less noisy results with gc turned off:
name       old s/op   new s/op   delta
LinkCmdGo  0.66 ± 2%  0.64 ± 2%  -3.14%  (p=0.000 n=18+20)
LinkJuju   5.91 ± 1%  5.72 ± 2%  -3.17%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)

Change-Id: I4cac7933b0b22d0aee18255e1ab54550ad364593
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20478
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@golang.org>