runtime: eliminate parfor ctx field

runtime: eliminate parfor ctx field

Prior to the conversion of the runtime to Go, this void* was
necessary to get closure information in to C callbacks.  There
are no more C callbacks and parfor is perfectly capable of
invoking a Go closure now, so eliminate ctx and all of its
unsafe-ness.  (Plus, the runtime currently doesn't use ctx for
anything.)

Change-Id: I39fc53b7dd3d7f660710abc76b0d831bfc6296d8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3395
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>