compress/flate: eliminate most common bounds checks

compress/flate: eliminate most common bounds checks

This uses the SSA compiler to eliminate various unneeded bounds
checks in loops and various lookups.

This fixes the low hanging fruit, without any major code changes.

name                       old time/op    new time/op    delta
EncodeDigitsHuffman1e4-8     49.9µs ± 1%    48.1µs ± 1%  -3.74%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsHuffman1e5-8      476µs ± 1%     458µs ± 1%  -3.58%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsHuffman1e6-8     4.80ms ± 2%    4.56ms ± 1%  -5.07%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsSpeed1e4-8        305µs ± 3%     290µs ± 2%  -5.03%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsSpeed1e5-8       3.67ms ± 2%    3.49ms ± 2%  -4.78%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeDigitsSpeed1e6-8       38.3ms ± 2%    35.8ms ± 1%  -6.58%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeDigitsDefault1e4-8      361µs ± 2%     346µs ± 3%  -4.12%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsDefault1e5-8     5.24ms ± 2%    4.96ms ± 3%  -5.38%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsDefault1e6-8     56.5ms ± 3%    52.2ms ± 2%  -7.68%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsCompress1e4-8     362µs ± 2%     343µs ± 1%  -5.20%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsCompress1e5-8    5.26ms ± 3%    4.98ms ± 2%  -5.48%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsCompress1e6-8    56.0ms ± 4%    52.1ms ± 1%  -7.01%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainHuffman1e4-8      70.9µs ± 3%    64.7µs ± 1%  -8.68%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainHuffman1e5-8       556µs ± 2%     524µs ± 2%  -5.84%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainHuffman1e6-8      5.54ms ± 3%    5.22ms ± 2%  -5.70%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainSpeed1e4-8         294µs ± 3%     284µs ± 1%  -3.71%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainSpeed1e5-8        2.59ms ± 2%    2.48ms ± 1%  -4.14%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainSpeed1e6-8        25.6ms ± 1%    24.3ms ± 1%  -5.28%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeTwainDefault1e4-8       419µs ± 2%     396µs ± 1%  -5.59%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainDefault1e5-8      6.23ms ± 4%    5.75ms ± 1%  -7.83%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainDefault1e6-8      66.2ms ± 2%    61.4ms ± 1%  -7.22%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainCompress1e4-8      426µs ± 1%     405µs ± 1%  -4.97%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeTwainCompress1e5-8     6.80ms ± 1%    6.32ms ± 1%  -6.97%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeTwainCompress1e6-8     74.6ms ± 3%    68.7ms ± 1%  -7.90%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)

name                       old speed      new speed      delta
EncodeDigitsHuffman1e4-8    200MB/s ± 1%   208MB/s ± 1%  +3.88%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsHuffman1e5-8    210MB/s ± 1%   218MB/s ± 1%  +3.71%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsHuffman1e6-8    208MB/s ± 2%   219MB/s ± 1%  +5.32%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsSpeed1e4-8     32.8MB/s ± 3%  34.5MB/s ± 2%  +5.29%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsSpeed1e5-8     27.2MB/s ± 2%  28.6MB/s ± 2%  +5.29%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsSpeed1e6-8     26.1MB/s ± 2%  27.9MB/s ± 1%  +7.02%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeDigitsDefault1e4-8   27.7MB/s ± 2%  28.9MB/s ± 3%  +4.30%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsDefault1e5-8   19.1MB/s ± 2%  20.2MB/s ± 3%  +5.69%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsDefault1e6-8   17.7MB/s ± 3%  19.2MB/s ± 2%  +8.31%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsCompress1e4-8  27.6MB/s ± 2%  29.1MB/s ± 1%  +5.47%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeDigitsCompress1e5-8  19.0MB/s ± 3%  20.1MB/s ± 2%  +5.78%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeDigitsCompress1e6-8  17.9MB/s ± 4%  19.2MB/s ± 1%  +7.50%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainHuffman1e4-8     141MB/s ± 3%   154MB/s ± 1%  +9.46%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainHuffman1e5-8     180MB/s ± 2%   191MB/s ± 2%  +6.19%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainHuffman1e6-8     181MB/s ± 3%   192MB/s ± 2%  +6.02%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainSpeed1e4-8      34.0MB/s ± 3%  35.3MB/s ± 1%  +3.84%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainSpeed1e5-8      38.7MB/s ± 2%  40.3MB/s ± 1%  +4.30%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainSpeed1e6-8      39.1MB/s ± 1%  41.2MB/s ± 1%  +5.57%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeTwainDefault1e4-8    23.9MB/s ± 2%  25.3MB/s ± 1%  +5.91%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainDefault1e5-8    16.0MB/s ± 4%  17.4MB/s ± 1%  +8.47%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)
EncodeTwainDefault1e6-8    15.1MB/s ± 2%  16.3MB/s ± 1%  +7.76%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
EncodeTwainCompress1e4-8   23.5MB/s ± 1%  24.7MB/s ± 1%  +5.24%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeTwainCompress1e5-8   14.7MB/s ± 1%  15.8MB/s ± 1%  +7.50%   (p=0.000 n=9+10)
EncodeTwainCompress1e6-8   13.4MB/s ± 3%  14.6MB/s ± 1%  +8.57%   (p=0.000 n=10+9)

Change-Id: I5c7e84c2f9ea4d38a2115995705eebb93387e22f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21759
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>