runtime: cache one GC workbuf in thread-local storage

runtime: cache one GC workbuf in thread-local storage
We call scanblock for lots of small root pieces
e.g. for every stack frame args and locals area.
Every scanblock invocation calls getempty/putempty,
which accesses lock-free stack shared among all worker threads.
One-element local cache allows most scanblock calls
to proceed without accessing the shared stack.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, rlh
CC=golang-codereviews, khr, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/121250043