--- /dev/null
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package x509
+
+import (
+ "os"
+ "strings"
+ "time"
+)
+
+type InvalidReason int
+
+const (
+ // NotAuthorizedToSign results when a certificate is signed by another
+ // which isn't marked as a CA certificate.
+ NotAuthorizedToSign InvalidReason = iota
+ // Expired results when a certificate has expired, based on the time
+ // given in the VerifyOptions.
+ Expired
+ // CANotAuthorizedForThisName results when an intermediate or root
+ // certificate has a name constraint which doesn't include the name
+ // being checked.
+ CANotAuthorizedForThisName
+)
+
+// CertificateInvalidError results when an odd error occurs. Users of this
+// library probably want to handle all these errors uniformly.
+type CertificateInvalidError struct {
+ Cert *Certificate
+ Reason InvalidReason
+}
+
+func (e CertificateInvalidError) String() string {
+ switch e.Reason {
+ case NotAuthorizedToSign:
+ return "x509: certificate is not authorized to sign other other certificates"
+ case Expired:
+ return "x509: certificate has expired or is not yet valid"
+ case CANotAuthorizedForThisName:
+ return "x509: a root or intermediate certificate is not authorized to sign in this domain"
+ }
+ return "x509: unknown error"
+}
+
+// HostnameError results when the set of authorized names doesn't match the
+// requested name.
+type HostnameError struct {
+ Certificate *Certificate
+ Host string
+}
+
+func (h HostnameError) String() string {
+ var valid string
+ c := h.Certificate
+ if len(c.DNSNames) > 0 {
+ valid = strings.Join(c.DNSNames, ", ")
+ } else {
+ valid = c.Subject.CommonName
+ }
+ return "certificate is valid for " + valid + ", not " + h.Host
+}
+
+
+// UnknownAuthorityError results when the certificate issuer is unknown
+type UnknownAuthorityError struct {
+ cert *Certificate
+}
+
+func (e UnknownAuthorityError) String() string {
+ return "x509: certificate signed by unknown authority"
+}
+
+// VerifyOptions contains parameters for Certificate.Verify. It's a structure
+// because other PKIX verification APIs have ended up needing many options.
+type VerifyOptions struct {
+ DNSName string
+ Intermediates *CertPool
+ Roots *CertPool
+ CurrentTime int64 // if 0, the current system time is used.
+}
+
+const (
+ leafCertificate = iota
+ intermediateCertificate
+ rootCertificate
+)
+
+// isValid performs validity checks on the c.
+func (c *Certificate) isValid(certType int, opts *VerifyOptions) os.Error {
+ if opts.CurrentTime < c.NotBefore.Seconds() ||
+ opts.CurrentTime > c.NotAfter.Seconds() {
+ return CertificateInvalidError{c, Expired}
+ }
+
+ if len(c.PermittedDNSDomains) > 0 {
+ for _, domain := range c.PermittedDNSDomains {
+ if opts.DNSName == domain ||
+ (strings.HasSuffix(opts.DNSName, domain) &&
+ len(opts.DNSName) >= 1+len(domain) &&
+ opts.DNSName[len(opts.DNSName)-len(domain)-1] == '.') {
+ continue
+ }
+
+ return CertificateInvalidError{c, CANotAuthorizedForThisName}
+ }
+ }
+
+ // KeyUsage status flags are ignored. From Engineering Security, Peter
+ // Gutmann: A European government CA marked its signing certificates as
+ // being valid for encryption only, but no-one noticed. Another
+ // European CA marked its signature keys as not being valid for
+ // signatures. A different CA marked its own trusted root certificate
+ // as being invalid for certificate signing. Another national CA
+ // distributed a certificate to be used to encrypt data for the
+ // country’s tax authority that was marked as only being usable for
+ // digital signatures but not for encryption. Yet another CA reversed
+ // the order of the bit flags in the keyUsage due to confusion over
+ // encoding endianness, essentially setting a random keyUsage in
+ // certificates that it issued. Another CA created a self-invalidating
+ // certificate by adding a certificate policy statement stipulating
+ // that the certificate had to be used strictly as specified in the
+ // keyUsage, and a keyUsage containing a flag indicating that the RSA
+ // encryption key could only be used for Diffie-Hellman key agreement.
+
+ if certType == intermediateCertificate && (!c.BasicConstraintsValid || !c.IsCA) {
+ return CertificateInvalidError{c, NotAuthorizedToSign}
+ }
+
+ return nil
+}
+
+// Verify attempts to verify c by building one or more chains from c to a
+// certificate in opts.roots, using certificates in opts.Intermediates if
+// needed. If successful, it returns one or chains where the first element of
+// the chain is c and the last element is from opts.Roots.
+//
+// WARNING: this doesn't do any revocation checking.
+func (c *Certificate) Verify(opts VerifyOptions) (chains [][]*Certificate, err os.Error) {
+ if opts.CurrentTime == 0 {
+ opts.CurrentTime = time.Seconds()
+ }
+ err = c.isValid(leafCertificate, &opts)
+ if err != nil {
+ return
+ }
+ if len(opts.DNSName) > 0 {
+ err = c.VerifyHostname(opts.DNSName)
+ if err != nil {
+ return
+ }
+ }
+ return c.buildChains([]*Certificate{c}, &opts)
+}
+
+func appendToFreshChain(chain []*Certificate, cert *Certificate) []*Certificate {
+ n := make([]*Certificate, len(chain)+1)
+ copy(n, chain)
+ n[len(chain)] = cert
+ return n
+}
+
+func (c *Certificate) buildChains(currentChain []*Certificate, opts *VerifyOptions) (chains [][]*Certificate, err os.Error) {
+ for _, root := range opts.Roots.FindVerifiedParents(c) {
+ err = root.isValid(rootCertificate, opts)
+ if err != nil {
+ continue
+ }
+ chains = append(chains, appendToFreshChain(currentChain, root))
+ }
+
+ for _, intermediate := range opts.Intermediates.FindVerifiedParents(c) {
+ err = intermediate.isValid(intermediateCertificate, opts)
+ if err != nil {
+ continue
+ }
+ var childChains [][]*Certificate
+ childChains, err = intermediate.buildChains(appendToFreshChain(currentChain, intermediate), opts)
+ chains = append(chains, childChains...)
+ }
+
+ if len(chains) > 0 {
+ err = nil
+ }
+
+ if len(chains) == 0 && err == nil {
+ err = UnknownAuthorityError{c}
+ }
+
+ return
+}
+
+func matchHostnames(pattern, host string) bool {
+ if len(pattern) == 0 || len(host) == 0 {
+ return false
+ }
+
+ patternParts := strings.Split(pattern, ".", -1)
+ hostParts := strings.Split(host, ".", -1)
+
+ if len(patternParts) != len(hostParts) {
+ return false
+ }
+
+ for i, patternPart := range patternParts {
+ if patternPart == "*" {
+ continue
+ }
+ if patternPart != hostParts[i] {
+ return false
+ }
+ }
+
+ return true
+}
+
+// VerifyHostname returns nil if c is a valid certificate for the named host.
+// Otherwise it returns an os.Error describing the mismatch.
+func (c *Certificate) VerifyHostname(h string) os.Error {
+ if len(c.DNSNames) > 0 {
+ for _, match := range c.DNSNames {
+ if matchHostnames(match, h) {
+ return nil
+ }
+ }
+ // If Subject Alt Name is given, we ignore the common name.
+ } else if matchHostnames(c.Subject.CommonName, h) {
+ return nil
+ }
+
+ return HostnameError{c, h}
+}
--- /dev/null
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package x509
+
+import (
+ "encoding/pem"
+ "os"
+ "strings"
+ "testing"
+)
+
+type verifyTest struct {
+ leaf string
+ intermediates []string
+ roots []string
+ currentTime int64
+ dnsName string
+
+ errorCallback func(*testing.T, int, os.Error) bool
+ expectedChains [][]string
+}
+
+var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
+ {
+ leaf: googleLeaf,
+ intermediates: []string{thawteIntermediate},
+ roots: []string{verisignRoot},
+ currentTime: 1302726541,
+ dnsName: "www.google.com",
+
+ expectedChains: [][]string{
+ []string{"Google", "Thawte", "VeriSign"},
+ },
+ },
+ {
+ leaf: googleLeaf,
+ intermediates: []string{thawteIntermediate},
+ roots: []string{verisignRoot},
+ currentTime: 1302726541,
+ dnsName: "www.example.com",
+
+ errorCallback: expectHostnameError,
+ },
+ {
+ leaf: googleLeaf,
+ intermediates: []string{thawteIntermediate},
+ roots: []string{verisignRoot},
+ currentTime: 1,
+ dnsName: "www.example.com",
+
+ errorCallback: expectExpired,
+ },
+ {
+ leaf: googleLeaf,
+ roots: []string{verisignRoot},
+ currentTime: 1302726541,
+ dnsName: "www.google.com",
+
+ errorCallback: expectAuthorityUnknown,
+ },
+ {
+ leaf: googleLeaf,
+ intermediates: []string{verisignRoot, thawteIntermediate},
+ roots: []string{verisignRoot},
+ currentTime: 1302726541,
+ dnsName: "www.google.com",
+
+ expectedChains: [][]string{
+ []string{"Google", "Thawte", "VeriSign"},
+ },
+ },
+ {
+ leaf: googleLeaf,
+ intermediates: []string{verisignRoot, thawteIntermediate},
+ roots: []string{verisignRoot},
+ currentTime: 1302726541,
+
+ expectedChains: [][]string{
+ []string{"Google", "Thawte", "VeriSign"},
+ },
+ },
+ {
+ leaf: dnssecExpLeaf,
+ intermediates: []string{startComIntermediate},
+ roots: []string{startComRoot},
+ currentTime: 1302726541,
+
+ expectedChains: [][]string{
+ []string{"dnssec-exp", "StartCom Class 1", "StartCom Certification Authority"},
+ },
+ },
+}
+
+func expectHostnameError(t *testing.T, i int, err os.Error) (ok bool) {
+ if _, ok := err.(HostnameError); !ok {
+ t.Errorf("#%d: error was not a HostnameError: %s", i, err)
+ return false
+ }
+ return true
+}
+
+func expectExpired(t *testing.T, i int, err os.Error) (ok bool) {
+ if inval, ok := err.(CertificateInvalidError); !ok || inval.Reason != Expired {
+ t.Errorf("#%d: error was not Expired: %s", i, err)
+ return false
+ }
+ return true
+}
+
+func expectAuthorityUnknown(t *testing.T, i int, err os.Error) (ok bool) {
+ if _, ok := err.(UnknownAuthorityError); !ok {
+ t.Errorf("#%d: error was not UnknownAuthorityError: %s", i, err)
+ return false
+ }
+ return true
+}
+
+func certificateFromPEM(pemBytes string) (*Certificate, os.Error) {
+ block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(pemBytes))
+ if block == nil {
+ return nil, os.ErrorString("failed to decode PEM")
+ }
+ return ParseCertificate(block.Bytes)
+}
+
+func TestVerify(t *testing.T) {
+ for i, test := range verifyTests {
+ opts := VerifyOptions{
+ Roots: NewCertPool(),
+ Intermediates: NewCertPool(),
+ DNSName: test.dnsName,
+ CurrentTime: test.currentTime,
+ }
+
+ for j, root := range test.roots {
+ ok := opts.Roots.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(root))
+ if !ok {
+ t.Error("#%d: failed to parse root #%d", i, j)
+ return
+ }
+ }
+
+ for j, intermediate := range test.intermediates {
+ ok := opts.Intermediates.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(intermediate))
+ if !ok {
+ t.Error("#%d: failed to parse intermediate #%d", i, j)
+ return
+ }
+ }
+
+ leaf, err := certificateFromPEM(test.leaf)
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Errorf("#%d: failed to parse leaf: %s", i, err)
+ return
+ }
+
+ chains, err := leaf.Verify(opts)
+
+ if test.errorCallback == nil && err != nil {
+ t.Errorf("#%d: unexpected error: %s", i, err)
+ }
+ if test.errorCallback != nil {
+ if !test.errorCallback(t, i, err) {
+ return
+ }
+ }
+
+ if len(chains) != len(test.expectedChains) {
+ t.Errorf("#%d: wanted %d chains, got %d", i, len(test.expectedChains), len(chains))
+ }
+
+ // We check that each returned chain matches a chain from
+ // expectedChains but an entry in expectedChains can't match
+ // two chains.
+ seenChains := make([]bool, len(chains))
+ NextOutputChain:
+ for _, chain := range chains {
+ TryNextExpected:
+ for j, expectedChain := range test.expectedChains {
+ if seenChains[j] {
+ continue
+ }
+ if len(chain) != len(expectedChain) {
+ continue
+ }
+ for k, cert := range chain {
+ if strings.Index(nameToKey(&cert.Subject), expectedChain[k]) == -1 {
+ continue TryNextExpected
+ }
+ }
+ // we matched
+ seenChains[j] = true
+ continue NextOutputChain
+ }
+ t.Errorf("#%d: No expected chain matched %s", i, chainToDebugString(chain))
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+func chainToDebugString(chain []*Certificate) string {
+ var chainStr string
+ for _, cert := range chain {
+ if len(chainStr) > 0 {
+ chainStr += " -> "
+ }
+ chainStr += nameToKey(&cert.Subject)
+ }
+ return chainStr
+}
+
+const verisignRoot = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+`
+
+const thawteIntermediate = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+`
+
+const googleLeaf = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+
+const dnssecExpLeaf = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+Qibb2+CfKuQ+WFV1GkVQmVA=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+
+const startComIntermediate = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+
+const startComRoot = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`