]> Cypherpunks repositories - gostls13.git/commitdiff
encoders for booleans and numbers.
authorRob Pike <r@golang.org>
Tue, 30 Jun 2009 22:37:46 +0000 (15:37 -0700)
committerRob Pike <r@golang.org>
Tue, 30 Jun 2009 22:37:46 +0000 (15:37 -0700)
R=rsc
DELTA=610  (597 added, 5 deleted, 8 changed)
OCL=30934
CL=30939

src/pkg/gob/codec_test.go
src/pkg/gob/encode.go
src/pkg/gob/type.go
src/pkg/gob/type_test.go

index 9dca42a885f0d2aa0ea51752f14fd91568f685f5..a35586e4ae34b6e477366100900e7c366f279931 100644 (file)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
        "gob";
        "os";
        "testing";
+       "unsafe";
 )
 
 // Guarantee encoding format by comparing some encodings to hand-written values
@@ -95,3 +96,354 @@ func TestIntCodec(t *testing.T) {
        }
        verifyInt(-1<<63, t);   // a tricky case
 }
+
+
+// The result of encoding three true booleans with field numbers 0, 1, 2
+var boolResult = []byte{0x80, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x82, 0x81}
+// The result of encoding three numbers = 17 with field numbers 0, 1, 2
+var signedResult = []byte{0x80, 0xa2, 0x81, 0xa2, 0x82, 0xa2}
+var unsignedResult = []byte{0x80, 0x91, 0x81, 0x91, 0x82, 0x91}
+var floatResult = []byte{0x80, 0x40, 0xe2, 0x81, 0x40, 0xe2, 0x82, 0x40, 0xe2}
+
+// Test instruction execution for encoding.
+// Do not run the machine yet; instead do individual instructions crafted by hand.
+func TestScalarEncInstructions(t *testing.T) {
+       var b = new(bytes.Buffer);
+       var state encState;
+
+       // bool
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := true;
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a bool; b *bool; c **bool }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encBool, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(boolResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("bool enc instructions: expected % x got % x", boolResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // int
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := 17;
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a int; b *int; c **int }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encInt, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(signedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("int enc instructions: expected % x got % x", signedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // uint
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := uint(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a uint; b *uint; c **uint }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encUint, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(unsignedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("uint enc instructions: expected % x got % x", unsignedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // int8
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := int8(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a int8; b *int8; c **int8 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encInt, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(signedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("int8 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", signedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // uint8
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := uint8(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a uint8; b *uint8; c **uint8 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encUint, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(unsignedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("uint8 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", unsignedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // int16
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := int16(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a int16; b *int16; c **int16 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encInt16, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(signedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("int16 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", signedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // uint16
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := uint16(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a uint16; b *uint16; c **uint16 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encUint16, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(unsignedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("uint16 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", unsignedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // int32
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := int32(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a int32; b *int32; c **int32 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encInt32, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(signedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("int32 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", signedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // uint32
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := uint32(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a uint32; b *uint32; c **uint32 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encUint32, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(unsignedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("uint32 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", unsignedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // int64
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := int64(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a int64; b *int64; c **int64 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encInt64, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(signedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("int64 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", signedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // uint64
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := uint64(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a uint64; b *uint64; c **uint64 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encUint, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(unsignedResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("uint64 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", unsignedResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // float
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := float(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a float; b *float; c **float }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encFloat, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(floatResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("float enc instructions: expected % x got % x", floatResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // float32
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := float32(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a float32; b *float32; c **float32 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encFloat32, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(floatResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("float32 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", floatResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+
+       // float64
+       {
+               b.Reset();
+               v := float64(17);
+               pv := &v;
+               ppv := &pv;
+               data := (struct { a float64; b *float64; c **float64 }){ v, pv, ppv };
+               instr := &encInstr{ encFloat64, 0, 0, 0 };
+               state.w = b;
+               state.base = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 1;
+               instr.indir = 1;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.b));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               instr.field = 2;
+               instr.indir = 2;
+               instr.offset = uintptr(unsafe.Offsetof(data.c));
+               instr.op(instr, &state);
+               if !bytes.Equal(floatResult, b.Data()) {
+                       t.Errorf("float64 enc instructions: expected % x got % x", floatResult, b.Data())
+               }
+       }
+}
index ecddee23e8826c7e613266b8f884cbbd19eaca0f..83a4abb39fa17967d52d1208fcc26ad640cce739 100644 (file)
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ package gob
 
 import (
        "io";
+       "math";
        "os";
+       "unsafe";
 )
 
 // Integers encode as a variant of Google's protocol buffer varint (varvarint?).
@@ -38,3 +40,246 @@ func EncodeInt(w io.Writer, i int64) os.Error {
        }
        return EncodeUint(w, uint64(x))
 }
+
+// The global execution state of an instance of the encoder.
+type encState struct {
+       w       io.Writer;
+       base    uintptr;
+}
+
+// The 'instructions' of the encoding machine
+type encInstr struct {
+       op      func(i *encInstr, state *encState);
+       field           int;    // field number
+       indir   int;    // how many pointer indirections to reach the value in the struct
+       offset  uintptr;        // offset in the structure of the field to encode
+}
+
+func encBool(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       b := *(*bool)(p);
+       if b {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, 1);
+       }
+}
+
+func encInt(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := int64(*(*int)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeInt(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encUint(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := uint64(*(*uint)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encInt8(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := int64(*(*int8)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeInt(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encUint8(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := uint64(*(*uint8)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encInt16(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := int64(*(*int16)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeInt(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encUint16(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := uint64(*(*uint16)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encInt32(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := int64(*(*int32)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeInt(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encUint32(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := uint64(*(*uint32)(p));
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encInt64(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := *(*int64)(p);
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeInt(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encUint64(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       v := *(*uint64)(p);
+       if v != 0 {
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+// Floating-point numbers are transmitted as uint64s holding the bits
+// of the underlying representation.  They are sent byte-reversed, with
+// the exponent end coming out first, so integer floating point numbers
+// (for example) transmit more compactly.  This routine does the
+// swizzling.
+func floatBits(f float64) uint64 {
+       u := math.Float64bits(f);
+       var v uint64;
+       for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+               v <<= 8;
+               v |= u & 0xFF;
+               u >>= 8;
+       }
+       return v;
+}
+
+func encFloat(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       f := float(*(*float)(p));
+       if f != 0 {
+               v := floatBits(float64(f));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encFloat32(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       f := float32(*(*float32)(p));
+       if f != 0 {
+               v := floatBits(float64(f));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
+
+func encFloat64(i *encInstr, state *encState) {
+       p := unsafe.Pointer(state.base+i.offset);
+       for indir := i.indir; indir > 0; indir-- {
+               p = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(p);
+               if p == nil {
+                       return
+               }
+       }
+       f := *(*float64)(p);
+       if f != 0 {
+               v := floatBits(f);
+               EncodeUint(state.w, uint64(i.field));
+               EncodeUint(state.w, v);
+       }
+}
index c7687b0c14c7b77815d2822796da8ad851cc5d9d..a230551829ba4d5bd53dc518deadadaa552228ff 100644 (file)
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ func (t *commonType) Name() string {
 var tBool Type
 var tInt Type
 var tUint Type
-var tFloat32 Type
-var tFloat64 Type
+var tFloat Type
 var tString Type
 var tBytes Type
 
@@ -151,10 +150,8 @@ func newTypeObject(name string, rt reflect.Type) Type {
                return tInt
        case reflect.UintKind, reflect.Uint32Kind, reflect.Uint64Kind:
                return tUint
-       case reflect.FloatKind, reflect.Float32Kind:
-               return tFloat32
-       case reflect.Float64Kind:
-               return tFloat64
+       case reflect.FloatKind, reflect.Float32Kind, reflect.Float64Kind:
+               return tFloat
        case reflect.StringKind:
                return tString
        case reflect.ArrayKind:
@@ -238,8 +235,7 @@ func init() {
        tBool= bootstrapType("bool", false);
        tInt = bootstrapType("int", int(0));
        tUint = bootstrapType("uint", uint(0));
-       tFloat32 = bootstrapType("float32", float32(0));
-       tFloat64 = bootstrapType("float64", float64(0));
+       tFloat = bootstrapType("float", float64(0));
        // The string for tBytes is "bytes" not "[]byte" to signify its specialness.
        tBytes = bootstrapType("bytes", make([]byte, 0));
        tString= bootstrapType("string", "");
index f07bdf36a6d882ed67fbbc83a9c03516757d5850..e62bd6415a73b89d6ffbe4cd1cc71765862423b7 100644 (file)
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ var basicTypes = []typeT {
        typeT { tBool, "bool" },
        typeT { tInt, "int" },
        typeT { tUint, "uint" },
-       typeT { tFloat32, "float32" },
-       typeT { tFloat64, "float64" },
+       typeT { tFloat, "float" },
        typeT { tBytes, "bytes" },
        typeT { tString, "string" },
 }
@@ -107,8 +106,8 @@ type Foo struct {
        b int32;        // will become int
        c string;
        d []byte;
-       e *float;       // will become float32
-       f ****float64;  // will become float64
+       e *float;       // will become float
+       f ****float64;  // will become float
        g *Bar;
        h *Bar; // should not interpolate the definition of Bar again
        i *Foo; // will not explode
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ func TestStructType(t *testing.T) {
        sstruct := GetType("Foo", Foo{});
        str := sstruct.String();
        // If we can print it correctly, we built it correctly.
-       expected := "Foo = struct { a int; b int; c string; d bytes; e float32; f float64; g Bar = struct { x string; }; h Bar; i Foo; }";
+       expected := "Foo = struct { a int; b int; c string; d bytes; e float; f float; g Bar = struct { x string; }; h Bar; i Foo; }";
        if str != expected {
                t.Errorf("struct printed as %q; expected %q", str, expected);
        }