From: Josh Bleecher Snyder Date: Sat, 4 Feb 2017 06:40:56 +0000 (-0800) Subject: cmd/compile, runtime: specialize convT2x, don't alloc for zero vals X-Git-Tag: go1.9beta1~1395 X-Git-Url: http://www.git.cypherpunks.su/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=504bc3ed24765294cf3d665a68d57a6e4fc7d23a;p=gostls13.git cmd/compile, runtime: specialize convT2x, don't alloc for zero vals Prior to this CL, all runtime conversions from a concrete value to an interface went through one of two runtime calls: convT2E or convT2I. However, in practice, basic types are very common. Specializing convT2x for those basic types allows for a more efficient implementation for those types. For basic scalars and strings, allocation and copying can use the same methods as normal code. For pointer-free types, allocation can occur without zeroing, and copying can take place without GC calls. For slices, copying is cheaper and simpler. This CL adds twelve runtime routines: convT2E16, convT2I16 convT2E32, convT2I32 convT2E64, convT2I64 convT2Estring, convT2Istring convT2Eslice, convT2Islice convT2Enoptr, convT2Inoptr While compiling make.bash, 93% of all convT2x calls are now to one of these specialized convT2x call. Within specialized convT2x routines, it is cheap to check for a zero value, in a way that it is not in general. When we detect a zero value there, we return a pointer to zeroVal, rather than allocating. name old time/op new time/op delta ConvT2Ezero/zero/16-8 17.9ns ± 2% 3.0ns ± 3% -83.20% (p=0.000 n=56+56) ConvT2Ezero/zero/32-8 17.8ns ± 2% 3.0ns ± 3% -83.15% (p=0.000 n=59+60) ConvT2Ezero/zero/64-8 20.1ns ± 1% 3.0ns ± 2% -84.98% (p=0.000 n=57+57) ConvT2Ezero/zero/str-8 32.6ns ± 1% 3.0ns ± 4% -90.70% (p=0.000 n=59+60) ConvT2Ezero/zero/slice-8 36.7ns ± 2% 3.0ns ± 2% -91.78% (p=0.000 n=59+59) ConvT2Ezero/zero/big-8 91.9ns ± 2% 85.9ns ± 2% -6.52% (p=0.000 n=57+57) ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/16-8 17.7ns ± 2% 12.7ns ± 3% -28.38% (p=0.000 n=55+60) ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/32-8 17.8ns ± 1% 12.7ns ± 1% -28.44% (p=0.000 n=54+57) ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/64-8 20.0ns ± 1% 15.0ns ± 1% -24.90% (p=0.000 n=56+58) ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/str-8 32.6ns ± 1% 25.7ns ± 1% -21.17% (p=0.000 n=58+55) ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/slice-8 36.8ns ± 2% 30.4ns ± 1% -17.32% (p=0.000 n=60+52) ConvT2Ezero/nonzero/big-8 92.1ns ± 2% 85.9ns ± 2% -6.70% (p=0.000 n=57+59) Benchmarks on a real program (the compiler): name old time/op new time/op delta Template 227ms ± 5% 221ms ± 2% -2.48% (p=0.000 n=30+26) Unicode 102ms ± 5% 100ms ± 3% -1.30% (p=0.009 n=30+26) GoTypes 656ms ± 5% 659ms ± 4% ~ (p=0.208 n=30+30) Compiler 2.82s ± 2% 2.82s ± 1% ~ (p=0.614 n=29+27) Flate 128ms ± 2% 128ms ± 5% ~ (p=0.783 n=27+28) GoParser 158ms ± 3% 158ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.261 n=28+30) Reflect 408ms ± 7% 401ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.075 n=30+30) Tar 123ms ± 6% 121ms ± 8% ~ (p=0.287 n=29+30) XML 220ms ± 2% 220ms ± 4% ~ (p=0.805 n=29+29) name old user-ns/op new user-ns/op delta Template 281user-ms ± 4% 279user-ms ± 3% -0.87% (p=0.044 n=28+28) Unicode 142user-ms ± 4% 141user-ms ± 3% -1.04% (p=0.015 n=30+27) GoTypes 884user-ms ± 3% 886user-ms ± 2% ~ (p=0.532 n=30+30) Compiler 3.94user-s ± 3% 3.92user-s ± 1% ~ (p=0.185 n=30+28) Flate 165user-ms ± 2% 165user-ms ± 4% ~ (p=0.780 n=27+29) GoParser 209user-ms ± 2% 208user-ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.453 n=28+30) Reflect 533user-ms ± 6% 526user-ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.057 n=30+30) Tar 156user-ms ± 6% 154user-ms ± 6% ~ (p=0.133 n=29+30) XML 288user-ms ± 4% 288user-ms ± 4% ~ (p=0.633 n=30+30) name old alloc/op new alloc/op delta Template 41.0MB ± 0% 40.9MB ± 0% -0.11% (p=0.000 n=29+29) Unicode 32.6MB ± 0% 32.6MB ± 0% ~ (p=0.572 n=29+30) GoTypes 122MB ± 0% 122MB ± 0% -0.10% (p=0.000 n=30+30) Compiler 482MB ± 0% 481MB ± 0% -0.07% (p=0.000 n=30+29) Flate 26.6MB ± 0% 26.6MB ± 0% ~ (p=0.096 n=30+30) GoParser 32.7MB ± 0% 32.6MB ± 0% -0.06% (p=0.011 n=28+28) Reflect 84.2MB ± 0% 84.1MB ± 0% -0.17% (p=0.000 n=29+30) Tar 27.7MB ± 0% 27.7MB ± 0% -0.05% (p=0.032 n=27+28) XML 44.7MB ± 0% 44.7MB ± 0% ~ (p=0.131 n=28+30) name old allocs/op new allocs/op delta Template 373k ± 1% 370k ± 1% -0.76% (p=0.000 n=30+30) Unicode 325k ± 1% 325k ± 1% ~ (p=0.383 n=29+30) GoTypes 1.16M ± 0% 1.15M ± 0% -0.75% (p=0.000 n=29+30) Compiler 4.15M ± 0% 4.13M ± 0% -0.59% (p=0.000 n=30+29) Flate 238k ± 1% 237k ± 1% -0.62% (p=0.000 n=30+30) GoParser 304k ± 1% 302k ± 1% -0.64% (p=0.000 n=30+28) Reflect 1.00M ± 0% 0.99M ± 0% -1.10% (p=0.000 n=29+30) Tar 245k ± 1% 244k ± 1% -0.59% (p=0.000 n=27+29) XML 391k ± 1% 389k ± 1% -0.59% (p=0.000 n=29+30) Change-Id: Id7f456d690567c2b0a96b0d6d64de8784b6e305f Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/36476 Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot Reviewed-by: Keith Randall --- diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin.go index 9f8aa2697b..c1506f7874 100644 --- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin.go +++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin.go @@ -49,7 +49,19 @@ var runtimeDecls = [...]struct { {"slicestringcopy", funcTag, 51}, {"convI2I", funcTag, 52}, {"convT2E", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2E16", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2E32", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2E64", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2Estring", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2Eslice", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2Enoptr", funcTag, 53}, {"convT2I", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2I16", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2I32", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2I64", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2Istring", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2Islice", funcTag, 53}, + {"convT2Inoptr", funcTag, 53}, {"assertE2I", funcTag, 52}, {"assertE2I2", funcTag, 54}, {"assertI2I", funcTag, 52}, diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin/runtime.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin/runtime.go index fc55104ef8..2bc974387a 100644 --- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin/runtime.go +++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/builtin/runtime.go @@ -61,8 +61,22 @@ func slicestringcopy(to any, fr any) int // interface conversions func convI2I(typ *byte, elem any) (ret any) + func convT2E(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2E16(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2E32(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2E64(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2Estring(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2Eslice(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2Enoptr(typ *byte, elem *any) (ret any) + func convT2I(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2I16(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2I32(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2I64(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2Istring(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2Islice(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) +func convT2Inoptr(tab *byte, elem *any) (ret any) // interface type assertions x.(T) func assertE2I(typ *byte, iface any) (ret any) diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/walk.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/walk.go index 072c0ac69c..96f66148a5 100644 --- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/walk.go +++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/walk.go @@ -417,8 +417,36 @@ func convFuncName(from, to *Type) string { case 'T': switch tkind { case 'E': + switch { + case from.Size() == 2 && from.Align == 2: + return "convT2E16" + case from.Size() == 4 && from.Align == 4 && !haspointers(from): + return "convT2E32" + case from.Size() == 8 && from.Align == Types[TUINT64].Align && !haspointers(from): + return "convT2E64" + case from.IsString(): + return "convT2Estring" + case from.IsSlice(): + return "convT2Eslice" + case !haspointers(from): + return "convT2Enoptr" + } return "convT2E" case 'I': + switch { + case from.Size() == 2 && from.Align == 2: + return "convT2I16" + case from.Size() == 4 && from.Align == 4 && !haspointers(from): + return "convT2I32" + case from.Size() == 8 && from.Align == Types[TUINT64].Align && !haspointers(from): + return "convT2I64" + case from.IsString(): + return "convT2Istring" + case from.IsSlice(): + return "convT2Islice" + case !haspointers(from): + return "convT2Inoptr" + } return "convT2I" } } diff --git a/src/runtime/iface.go b/src/runtime/iface.go index f043724a56..58ed61e3aa 100644 --- a/src/runtime/iface.go +++ b/src/runtime/iface.go @@ -205,19 +205,124 @@ func convT2E(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { if msanenabled { msanread(elem, t.size) } - if isDirectIface(t) { - // This case is implemented directly by the compiler. - throw("direct convT2E") - } - x := newobject(t) - // TODO: We allocate a zeroed object only to overwrite it with - // actual data. Figure out how to avoid zeroing. Also below in convT2I. + x := mallocgc(t.size, t, true) + // TODO: We allocate a zeroed object only to overwrite it with actual data. + // Figure out how to avoid zeroing. Also below in convT2Eslice, convT2I, convT2Islice. typedmemmove(t, x, elem) e._type = t e.data = x return } +func convT2E16(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2E16)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*uint16)(elem) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(2, t, false) + *(*uint16)(x) = *(*uint16)(elem) + } + e._type = t + e.data = x + return +} + +func convT2E32(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2E32)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*uint32)(elem) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(4, t, false) + *(*uint32)(x) = *(*uint32)(elem) + } + e._type = t + e.data = x + return +} + +func convT2E64(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2E64)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*uint64)(elem) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(8, t, false) + *(*uint64)(x) = *(*uint64)(elem) + } + e._type = t + e.data = x + return +} + +func convT2Estring(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2Estring)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*string)(elem) == "" { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true) + *(*string)(x) = *(*string)(elem) + } + e._type = t + e.data = x + return +} + +func convT2Eslice(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2Eslice)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if v := *(*slice)(elem); uintptr(v.array) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true) + *(*slice)(x) = *(*slice)(elem) + } + e._type = t + e.data = x + return +} + +func convT2Enoptr(t *_type, elem unsafe.Pointer) (e eface) { + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), funcPC(convT2Enoptr)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + x := mallocgc(t.size, t, false) + memmove(x, elem, t.size) + e._type = t + e.data = x + return +} + func convT2I(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { t := tab._type if raceenabled { @@ -226,17 +331,128 @@ func convT2I(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { if msanenabled { msanread(elem, t.size) } - if isDirectIface(t) { - // This case is implemented directly by the compiler. - throw("direct convT2I") - } - x := newobject(t) + x := mallocgc(t.size, t, true) typedmemmove(t, x, elem) i.tab = tab i.data = x return } +func convT2I16(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { + t := tab._type + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2I16)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*uint16)(elem) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(2, t, false) + *(*uint16)(x) = *(*uint16)(elem) + } + i.tab = tab + i.data = x + return +} + +func convT2I32(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { + t := tab._type + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2I32)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*uint32)(elem) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(4, t, false) + *(*uint32)(x) = *(*uint32)(elem) + } + i.tab = tab + i.data = x + return +} + +func convT2I64(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { + t := tab._type + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2I64)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*uint64)(elem) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(8, t, false) + *(*uint64)(x) = *(*uint64)(elem) + } + i.tab = tab + i.data = x + return +} + +func convT2Istring(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { + t := tab._type + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2Istring)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if *(*string)(elem) == "" { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true) + *(*string)(x) = *(*string)(elem) + } + i.tab = tab + i.data = x + return +} + +func convT2Islice(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { + t := tab._type + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2Islice)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + var x unsafe.Pointer + if v := *(*slice)(elem); uintptr(v.array) == 0 { + x = unsafe.Pointer(&zeroVal[0]) + } else { + x = mallocgc(t.size, t, true) + *(*slice)(x) = *(*slice)(elem) + } + i.tab = tab + i.data = x + return +} + +func convT2Inoptr(tab *itab, elem unsafe.Pointer) (i iface) { + t := tab._type + if raceenabled { + raceReadObjectPC(t, elem, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&tab)), funcPC(convT2Inoptr)) + } + if msanenabled { + msanread(elem, t.size) + } + x := mallocgc(t.size, t, false) + memmove(x, elem, t.size) + i.tab = tab + i.data = x + return +} + func convI2I(inter *interfacetype, i iface) (r iface) { tab := i.tab if tab == nil { diff --git a/src/runtime/iface_test.go b/src/runtime/iface_test.go index 7f27baa61f..6d8f8614d9 100644 --- a/src/runtime/iface_test.go +++ b/src/runtime/iface_test.go @@ -29,6 +29,20 @@ func (TM) Method2() {} func (TL) Method1() {} func (TL) Method2() {} +type T8 uint8 +type T16 uint16 +type T32 uint32 +type T64 uint64 +type Tstr string +type Tslice []byte + +func (T8) Method1() {} +func (T16) Method1() {} +func (T32) Method1() {} +func (T64) Method1() {} +func (Tstr) Method1() {} +func (Tslice) Method1() {} + var ( e interface{} e_ interface{} @@ -261,3 +275,129 @@ func TestNonEscapingConvT2I(t *testing.T) { t.Fatalf("want 0 allocs, got %v", n) } } + +func TestZeroConvT2x(t *testing.T) { + tests := []struct { + name string + fn func() + }{ + {name: "E8", fn: func() { e = eight8 }}, // any byte-sized value does not allocate + {name: "E16", fn: func() { e = zero16 }}, // zero values do not allocate + {name: "E32", fn: func() { e = zero32 }}, + {name: "E64", fn: func() { e = zero64 }}, + {name: "Estr", fn: func() { e = zerostr }}, + {name: "Eslice", fn: func() { e = zeroslice }}, + {name: "Econstflt", fn: func() { e = 99.0 }}, // constants do not allocate + {name: "Econststr", fn: func() { e = "change" }}, + {name: "I8", fn: func() { i1 = eight8I }}, + {name: "I16", fn: func() { i1 = zero16I }}, + {name: "I32", fn: func() { i1 = zero32I }}, + {name: "I64", fn: func() { i1 = zero64I }}, + {name: "Istr", fn: func() { i1 = zerostrI }}, + {name: "Islice", fn: func() { i1 = zerosliceI }}, + } + + for _, test := range tests { + t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) { + n := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, test.fn) + if n != 0 { + t.Errorf("want zero allocs, got %v", n) + } + }) + } +} + +var ( + eight8 uint8 = 8 + eight8I T8 = 8 + + zero16 uint16 = 0 + zero16I T16 = 0 + one16 uint16 = 1 + + zero32 uint32 = 0 + zero32I T32 = 0 + one32 uint32 = 1 + + zero64 uint64 = 0 + zero64I T64 = 0 + one64 uint64 = 1 + + zerostr string = "" + zerostrI Tstr = "" + nzstr string = "abc" + + zeroslice []byte = nil + zerosliceI Tslice = nil + nzslice []byte = []byte("abc") + + zerobig [512]byte + nzbig [512]byte = [512]byte{511: 1} +) + +func BenchmarkConvT2Ezero(b *testing.B) { + b.Run("zero", func(b *testing.B) { + b.Run("16", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = zero16 + } + }) + b.Run("32", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = zero32 + } + }) + b.Run("64", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = zero64 + } + }) + b.Run("str", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = zerostr + } + }) + b.Run("slice", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = zeroslice + } + }) + b.Run("big", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = zerobig + } + }) + }) + b.Run("nonzero", func(b *testing.B) { + b.Run("16", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = one16 + } + }) + b.Run("32", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = one32 + } + }) + b.Run("64", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = one64 + } + }) + b.Run("str", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = nzstr + } + }) + b.Run("slice", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = nzslice + } + }) + b.Run("big", func(b *testing.B) { + for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { + e = nzbig + } + }) + }) +} diff --git a/test/live.go b/test/live.go index 0466956254..708786339d 100644 --- a/test/live.go +++ b/test/live.go @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ var i9 interface{} func f9() bool { g8() x := i9 - y := interface{}(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+ x.data x.type$" "live at call to str: x.data x.type$" + y := interface{}(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+ x.data x.type$" "live at call to str: x.data x.type$" i9 = y // make y escape so the line above has to call convT2E return x != y } @@ -494,13 +494,13 @@ func f30(b bool) { func f31(b1, b2, b3 bool) { if b1 { - g31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to g31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" + g31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to g31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" } if b2 { - h31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+ .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to h31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to newobject: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" + h31(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+ .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to h31: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to newobject: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" } if b3 { - panic(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2E: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to gopanic: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" + panic(str()) // ERROR "live at call to convT2Estring: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" "live at call to gopanic: .autotmp_[0-9]+$" } print(b3) }