cmd/doc: skip directories like other go tools

cmd/doc: skip directories like other go tools

It was skipping dirs starting with ".", but it was missing the "_"
prefix and the "testdata" name. From "go help packages":

	Directory and file names that begin with "." or "_" are ignored
	by the go tool, as are directories named "testdata".

Before the change:

	$ go doc z # using src/cmd/go/testdata/testvendor/src/q/z
	package z // import "."

After the fix, it falls back to the current directory, as expected when
a single argument isn't found as a package in $GOPATH.

TestMain needs a small adjustment to keep the tests working, as now
their use of cmd/doc/testdata would normally not work.

Fixes #24462.

Change-Id: I1f5d6d1eba0fb59aff55db33b3b1147e300284ef
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/106935
Run-TryBot: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>