cmd/compile: check labels and gotos before building SSA

cmd/compile: check labels and gotos before building SSA

This CL introduces yet another compiler pass,
which checks for correct control flow constructs
prior to converting from AST to SSA form.

It cannot be integrated with walk, since walk rewrites
switch and select statements on the fly.

To reduce code duplication, this CL also does some
minor refactoring.

With this pass in place, the AST to SSA converter
can now stop generating SSA for any known-dead code.
This minor savings pays for the minor cost of the new pass.

Performance is almost a wash:

name       old time/op     new time/op     delta
Template       206ms ± 4%      205ms ± 4%   ~     (p=0.108 n=43+43)
Unicode       84.0ms ± 4%     84.0ms ± 4%   ~     (p=0.979 n=43+43)
GoTypes        550ms ± 3%      553ms ± 3%   ~     (p=0.065 n=40+41)
Compiler       2.57s ± 4%      2.58s ± 2%   ~     (p=0.103 n=44+41)
SSA            3.94s ± 3%      3.93s ± 2%   ~     (p=0.833 n=44+42)
Flate          126ms ± 6%      125ms ± 4%   ~     (p=0.941 n=43+39)
GoParser       147ms ± 4%      148ms ± 3%   ~     (p=0.164 n=42+39)
Reflect        359ms ± 3%      357ms ± 5%   ~     (p=0.241 n=43+44)
Tar            106ms ± 5%      106ms ± 7%   ~     (p=0.853 n=40+43)
XML            202ms ± 3%      203ms ± 3%   ~     (p=0.488 n=42+41)

name       old user-ns/op  new user-ns/op  delta
Template        240M ± 4%       239M ± 4%   ~     (p=0.844 n=42+43)
Unicode         107M ± 5%       107M ± 4%   ~     (p=0.332 n=40+43)
GoTypes         735M ± 3%       731M ± 4%   ~     (p=0.141 n=43+44)
Compiler       3.51G ± 3%      3.52G ± 3%   ~     (p=0.208 n=42+43)
SSA            5.72G ± 4%      5.72G ± 3%   ~     (p=0.928 n=44+42)
Flate           151M ± 7%       150M ± 8%   ~     (p=0.662 n=44+43)
GoParser        181M ± 5%       181M ± 4%   ~     (p=0.379 n=41+44)
Reflect         447M ± 4%       445M ± 4%   ~     (p=0.344 n=43+43)
Tar             125M ± 7%       124M ± 6%   ~     (p=0.353 n=43+43)
XML             248M ± 4%       250M ± 6%   ~     (p=0.158 n=44+44)

name       old alloc/op    new alloc/op    delta
Template      40.3MB ± 0%     40.2MB ± 0%  -0.27%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
Unicode       30.3MB ± 0%     30.2MB ± 0%  -0.10%  (p=0.015 n=10+10)
GoTypes        114MB ± 0%      114MB ± 0%  -0.06%  (p=0.000 n=7+9)
Compiler       480MB ± 0%      481MB ± 0%  +0.07%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
SSA            864MB ± 0%      862MB ± 0%  -0.25%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
Flate         25.9MB ± 0%     25.9MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.123 n=10+10)
GoParser      32.1MB ± 0%     32.1MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.631 n=10+10)
Reflect       79.9MB ± 0%     79.6MB ± 0%  -0.39%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)
Tar           27.1MB ± 0%     27.0MB ± 0%  -0.18%  (p=0.003 n=10+10)
XML           42.6MB ± 0%     42.6MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.143 n=10+10)

name       old allocs/op   new allocs/op   delta
Template        401k ± 0%       401k ± 1%    ~     (p=0.353 n=10+10)
Unicode         322k ± 0%       322k ± 0%    ~     (p=0.739 n=10+10)
GoTypes        1.18M ± 0%      1.18M ± 0%  +0.25%  (p=0.001 n=7+8)
Compiler       4.51M ± 0%      4.53M ± 0%  +0.37%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
SSA            7.91M ± 0%      7.93M ± 0%  +0.20%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
Flate           244k ± 0%       245k ± 0%    ~     (p=0.123 n=10+10)
GoParser        323k ± 1%       324k ± 1%  +0.40%  (p=0.035 n=10+10)
Reflect        1.01M ± 0%      1.02M ± 0%  +0.37%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)
Tar             258k ± 1%       258k ± 1%    ~     (p=0.661 n=10+9)
XML             403k ± 0%       405k ± 0%  +0.47%  (p=0.004 n=10+10)

Updates #15756
Updates #19250

Change-Id: I647bfbb745c35630447eb79dfcaa994b490ce942
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38159
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>